PAPER IV: NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND SPECTROSCOPY
Unit I:
Nuclear Structure
Distribution of Nuclear Charge-Nuclear Mass-Mass Spectroscopy-Bainbridge and
Jordan, Neir, Mass Spectrometer-Theories of Nuclear Composition (proton-electron, protonneutron)-
Bound States of Two Nucleons-Spin States-Pauli’s Exclusion Principle-Concept of
Hidden Variables-Tensor Force-Static Force-Exchange Force.
Radioactivity
Alpha Decay: Properties of á Particles-Gamow’s Theory of á Decay-Geiger Nuttal Law- á Ray
Energies-Fine Structure of á Rays- á Disintegration Energy-Long Range á Particles.
Beta Decay: Properties of â Particles-General Features of â Ray Spectrum-Pauli’s Hypothesis-
Fermi’s Theory of â Decay-Forms of Interactions and Selection Rules-Fermi and Gamow Teller
Transitions.
Gamma Decay: Absorption of ã Rays by Matter-Interaction of ã Rays with Matter-Measurement
of ã Ray Energies-DuMond Bent Crystal Spectrometer Method-Internal Conversion.
Unit: II
Nuclear Models
Liquid Drop Model: Bohr Wheeler Theory of Fission-Condition for Spontaneous Fission-
Activation Energy-Seaborg’s Expression.
Shell Model: Explanation of Magic Numbers-Prediction of Shell Model-Prediction of Nuclear
Spin and Parity-Nuclear Statistics-Magnetic Moment of Nuclei-Schmidt Lines-Nuclear
Isomerism.
Collective Model: Explanation of Quadrupole Moments-Prediction of Sign of Electric
Quadrupole Moments.
Unit III
:
Nuclear Reactions
Kinds of Reactions and Conversion Laws-Energy of Nuclear Reaction-Iso Spin-
Continuum Theory of Nuclear Reaction-Resonance-Breit and Wigner Dispersion Formula-
Stages of a Nuclear Reaction-Statistical Theory of Nuclear Reaction-Kinematics of Stopping and
Pickup Reaction-Surface Reaction.
Particle Physics
Leptons-Hadrons-Mesons-Hyperons-Pions-Meson Resonances-Strange Mesons and
Baryons-Gell-Mann Okuba Mass formula for Baryons-CP Violation in Neutral Kaons (K0)
Decay- Symmetry and Conversion Laws-Quark Model-Reaction and Decays-Quark Structure of
Hadrons.
Unit IV
:
Atomic & Microwave Spectroscopy
Spectra of Alkali Metal Vapours-Normal Zeeman Effect-Anomalous Zeeman Effect-
Magnetic Moment of Atom and the G Factor-Lande’s ‘g’ Formula-Paschen Back Effect-
Hyperfine Structure of Spectral Lines.
Microwave Spectroscopy-Experimental Method-Theory of Microwave Spectra of Linear,
Symmetric Top Molecules-Hyperfine Structure-Quadrupole Moment-Inversion Spectrum of
Ammonia.
Infrared & Raman Spectroscopy
IR Spectroscopy: Practical Aspects-Theory of IR Rotation Vibration Spectra of Gaseous
Diatomic Molecules-Applications-Basic Principles of FTIR Spectroscopy.
Raman Spectroscopy: Classical and Quantum Theory of Raman Effect-Rotation Vibration
Raman Spectra of Diatomic and Polyatomic Molecules-Applications-Laser Raman
Spectroscopy.
Unit V
:
NMR & NQR Spectroscopy:
NMR Spectroscopy: Quantum Mechanical and Classical Description-Bloch Equation-
Relaxation Processes-Experimental Technique-Principle and Working of High Resolution NMR
Spectrometer-Chemical Shift
NQR Spectroscopy: Fundamental Requirements-General Principle-Experimental Detection of
NQR Frequencies-Interpretation and Chemical Explanation of NQR Spectroscopy
ESR & Mossabauer Spectroscopy:
ESR Spectroscopy: Basic Principles-Experiments-ESR Spectrometer-Reflection Cavity and
Microwave Bridge-ESR Spectrum-Hyperfine Structure
Mossabauer Spectroscopy: Mossabauer Effect-Recoilless Emission and Absorption-
Mossabauer Spectrum-Experimental Methods-Hyperfine Interaction-Chemical Isomer Shift-
Magnetic Hyperfine and Electric Quadrupole Interaction